1
Summary
Security Class 11

OVERVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS CLASS (01:18 PM)

CHALLENGES POSED BY MEDIA TO INTERNAL SECURITY (01:19 PM)

  • 1)The media especially electronic media is often guilty of compromising the efforts of law enforcement agencies.
  • Sensationalisation of news often becomes a national security threat. For example: news channels have often involved themselves in irresponsible coverage of anti-terror operations., In the coverage of the 26/11 attacks, During the surgical strikes against NSCN (IM), the media agencies published photographs of the entire team involved in operations etc.
  • 2)Polarisation of the society.
  • Often media agencies try to divulge details of the individuals involved in communal riots deliberately.
  • Sometimes rumours and fake news also get published without due diligence. For example: The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots.
  • 3)Paid news (01:53 PM)
  • It has become increasingly difficult to differentiate between genuine and paid news and criminals often seek the health of news agencies to whitewash their image. This promotes the criminalisation of politics and the glorification of criminals
  • 4)Media also is guilty of incessant and uninformed reporting on subjudice matters and this is what is called "media trials"

POSITIVE EFFECT CREATED BY THE SOCIAL MEDIA TO INTERNAL SECURITY (02:07 PM)

  • SOCIAL MEDIA
  • It is defined as a grouping of interactive Web 2.0 internet-based applications and websites that facilitate the sharing of ideas and information by people.
  • It is different from traditional/legacy media in that it has a broader reach and allows two-way communication and instant exchange of information.
  • POSITIVE EFFECT
  • 1)Perception management.
  • Social media enhanced the reach of security agencies which in turn has breached the trust deficit between agencies and the people.
  • 2)Open-source intelligence has become a powerful tool for finding information and evidence concerning several offences. For example: Missing persons, wanted people etc.
  • 3)To fight fake news and rumours and serve as a source of correct information related to critical incidents. For instance, Maharastra police have set up a social media lab to monitor activities on social media websites. It includes a dedicated set of people who proactively look for youth prone to radicalisation and monitor posts which may include communal tensions.
  • The Mumbai police has set up cyber forensic labs which amongst other things will also leverage social media to keep a record of recent trends in cyber crimes. Sharing this knowledge will help design SOPs to deal with cyber crimes and crimes perpetuated on social media and hence social media can also play a critical role in imparting adequate training to police.
  • CHALLENGES POSED BY THE SOCIAL MEDIA (02:53 PM)
  • 1)Social media has the advantage of a much bigger reach and advanced data analytics through which information can be tailored and targeted towards the most vulnerable.
  • This is why polarisation, misinformation campaigns etc conducted on social media are far more effective.Net impact is to create mischief and nuisance in society
  • 2)Social media has become the harbour for conventional crimes being perpetrated in cyberspace for instance cyber bullying, cyberstalking, sexual harassment, threats of death rape and violence have become far more common in the digital age.
  • 3)There has been an increasing use of social media by terrorist organisations for recruitment and operational motives.
  • 4)Social media has also created privacy concerns where citizens' data is being used to influence their voting behaviour.
  • 5)Social media has also become the harbour for obscene and unregulated content. For example Child sexual abuse material.

EXISTING SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION IN INDIA (03:08 PM)

  • THE IT RULES,2021
  • These rules have been prescribed under sec 69 A of the IT Act. These are the guidelines for the intermediaries.
  • GUIDELINES
  • 1)All intermediaries should appoint a grievance redressal officer(GRO) to deal with complaints about objectionable content.
  • 2)The complaints have to be acknowledged within 24 hours and must be resolved within 15 days. As per the latest amendments, objectionable content must be removed within 72 hours.
  • 3)The Government also will appoint an appellate authority to look into appeals against the decisions of the GROs.(Within 30 days)
  • 4)Privacy and user agreements must be published in all languages mentioned in the 8th schedule.
  • 5)For SSMIs(Significant social media intermediaries), a chief compliance officer is required to ensure compliance and prepare a monthly compliance report.
  • 6)Develop tools to identify the first originators of information.
  • CHALLENGES IN DEALING WITH SOCIAL MEDIA (03:22 PM)
  • 1)On social media, Petabytes of data are being generated every day. For example, Twitter generates 1 petabyte of data every day.
  • 2)The amount of information generated is so huge that it cannot be regulated by normal means. Hence the need to develop automated tools.
  • 3)Very low entry barriers.
  • 4)Absence of geographical boundaries.
  • 5)Lack of accountability on the part of social media platforms in terms of claiming responsibility for the content posted by individual users.
  • 6)AI is at the nascent stage to effectively regulate social media.

BORDER MANAGEMENT (03:30 PM)

  • The term border management is different from border security while border security refers to the task of securing/protecting the territory or borders of a country, BM is a broader term.
  • In addition to border security, border management also means the development of border areas to make borders a tool to promote cultural and economic cooperation.
  • CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH BORDER MANAGEMENT
  • 1)Multiplicity of border guarding forces deployed sometimes on the same border because of differences in their SOPs, There may emerge problems of uniformity and coordination. For example, The Assam Rifle, SSBs, and ITBP all have different SOPs.
  • It goes fundamentally against the recommendation of the Kargil review committee i.e. one border one force.
  • 2)Amongst the border guarding forces, There is no institutional mechanism to share intelligence.
  • 3)The border infrastructure in India, is severely underdeveloped creating an asymmetry between India and its adversarial neighbour i.e. china.
  • It's only recently that BRO has been allowed to outsource its operation to private agencies to execute projects.
  • 4)India does not share natural borders with most of its neighbours resulting in difficulties in guarding border areas.
  • 5)The porous borders with neighbouring countries make these areas vulnerable to activities such as insurgency, trafficking and illegal immigration.
  • 6)India is in the proximity of the most disturbed regions of the world. Its proximity to the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle makes India both a transit route as well as a destination for harmful drugs and substances.
  • 7)External state actors have also played a major role in promoting instability in the border areas.
  • 8)Lack of trust between local communities and security agencies has created a hostile environment for security forces in these areas.

EFFECT OF POOR BORDER MANAGEMENT (04:03 PM)

  • 1)Illegal immigration especially across Indo-Bangladesh.
  • 2)Proliferation of weapons.
  • 3)Influx of FICN (Fake Indian currency notes)
  • 4)Growing nexus between insurgent groups and organised criminal groups along border areas.
  • 5)Poor development of border areas has contributed to frustration amongst local communities making them less averse to joining hands with hostile elements.

The syllabus of Security stands completed here.All the best.